The meaning of the text, the person speaking, and the emotions they want to convey (in linguistics, this idea is known as Read out the corresponding phonemes, right? In practice, it's harder than it sounds.Īs any good actor can demonstrate, a single sentence can be read out in many different ways according to Needs to do to read a word is look it up in the list and then In theory, if a computer has a dictionary of words and phonemes, all it List of the phonemes that make up its sound. Is listed before or after the definition). (much as you'd find in a typical dictionary, where the pronunciation
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Theory, this is a simple problem: all the computer needs is a hugeĪlphabetical list of words and details of how to pronounce each one Now has to generate the speech sounds that make up those words. Having figured out the words that need to be said, the speech synthesizer
I have breakfast." the smart money should be on "I read Likewise, if the preceding text is "I get up. Reasonable guess that "I read a book" is probably correct. Tense, by recognizing past-tense verbs ("I got up. It can figure out that the preceding text is entirely in the past The word "read" can be pronouncedĮither "red" or "reed," so a sentence such as "I read theīook" is immediately problematic for a speech synthesizer. Preprocessing also has to tackle homographs, words pronounced in different waysĪccording to what they mean. If there were a decimal point before the numbers (".843"), they would need to be read differently as "eight four three."Īrtwork: Context matters: A speech synthesizer needs some understanding of what it's reading. It might be reasonable to guess this is a date and pronounce it "eighteen forty three." So if the word "year" occurs in the same sentence as "1843," Like arrays of brain cells that learn to recognize patterns) to arrive at the most Statistical probability techniques (typically Hidden Markov Models) or neural networks (computer programs structured Generally don't have the power to do that, so they have to use Written and figure out the pronunciation that way, computers Padlock combination ("one eight four three"), each of which is read The number 1843 might refer to a quantity of items ("one thousand eight hundredĪnd forty three"), a year or a time ("eighteen forty three"), or a Need to be turned into words-and that's harder than it sounds. Things like numbers, dates, times,Ībbreviations, acronyms, and special characters (currency symbols and so on) Mistakes when it actually reads the words aloud. Through the text and cleaning it up so the computer makes fewer It's about narrowing down the many different ways you could read a piece of text into Pre-processing or normalization, is all about reducing ambiguity: So the initial stage in speech synthesis, which is generally called One thing and usually you have to understand the meaning or make an educated guess to read it correctly. Is ambiguous: the same written information can often mean more than Reading words sounds easy, but if you've ever listened to a young child readingĪ book that was just too hard for them, you'll know it's not as I'll refer to as text to words, words to phonemes, and phonemes to sound. How does it turn the written words into ones you canĪctually hear? There are essentially three stages involved, which Let's say you have a paragraph of written text that you want your computer Of any other person famous for talking with a computerized voice?Īll that may change in future as computer-generated speech becomes
Was a truly unique individual-in more ways than one: can you think
But hardly any of us talk to our computers (with voice recognition) Switchboards when we phone utility companies, and listen toĬomputerized apologies on railroad stations when our trains are The help of computerized navigators, engage with computerized The 18th century-but computers that routinely speak to their Talking machines are nothing new-somewhat surprisingly, they date back to Played through a loudspeaker the technology is often called Machine reads words to you out loud in a real or simulated voice Synthesis is simply a form of output where a computer or other Input, typically on a screen or printed out on paper). Output (where you get to see how the computer has processed your You typed in or enhancing the colors on a photo you scanned), and The computer responds to your input, say, by adding up some numbers Find out more What is speech synthesis?Ĭomputers do their jobs in three distinct stages called input (where you feed.
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